Beam-based sensors like LiDAR are indispensable for modern infrastructures, machines, and autonomous moving objects. Their placement is crucial for their value and acceptance in the considered applications. However, determining the sensor’s blind areas requires significant time and resources when relying on simulation. We propose a set of analytical indicators that significantly reduce this overhead associated with the placement and installation of beam-based sensors.

Based on a geometrical model that considers both the sensor and sensing quality, we define novel indicators accordingly and
show their effectiveness for intelligent traffic safety infrastructure. The proposed indicators contribute to sensor calibration
during the initial sensor setup and represent a vital step toward self-calibration throughout the entire system’s life cycles.